UK-EU relationship after Brexit

Summary and implementation

Parliament was recalled on 30 December 2020 to adopt the legislation required to implement the UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement. This briefing summarises the agreement and the bill to implement it.

The path to the deal

A brief overview of what was agreed and next steps, and a look back at how we got here.

Brexit timeline

A timeline of the major events leading up to the EU referendum.

Northern Ireland Protocol

The Northern Ireland Protocol, how it has been implemented, and negotiations between the EU and UK in 2021 and 2022 on possible changes.

The Withdrawal Agreement

The October 2019 EU UK Withdrawal Agreement and how it compares to the one negotiated by Theresa May's Government in November 2018.

Governance and dispute settlement

An overview of the governance and dispute settlement provisions of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement.

The UK-EU Parliamentary Partnership Assembly

The UK-EU Parliamentary Partnership Assembly will bring together representatives of the UK Parliament and European Parliament.

Withdrawal Agreement and Trade and Cooperation Agreement dispute settlement

A Comparison of the dispute settlement mechanisms in the Withdrawal Agreement and the Trade and Cooperation Agreement

The UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement: Review clauses

The agreement includes a set of review dates and transitional periods. It provides for reviews of implementation every five years, with the first due in 2026.

Touring artists and the UK-EU economic partnership

After the UK exit from the EU, performing artists have additional administrative requirements and costs when touring in EU Member States and the UK

Driving in the EU after Brexit

There are new requirements for UK licence holders driving within the EU and for EU licence holders driving in the UK.

Mobile roaming

Information about mobile roaming charges for UK customers after the end of the Brexit transition period.

Pet travel

New rules for pet travel came into force on 1 January 2021.

Temporary Business Travel

What has changed for UK and EU businesses and individuals who travel to sell services in each other’s market?

Visiting, working, and living in the EU

An overview of the implications of the UK’s new relationship with the EU for people wishing to travel or move to the EU

Chemicals industry

The impact of Brexit on the chemicals industry and UK Government plans for a separate UK REACH regime

Economic impact

The potential short-term and long-term implications for the UK economy of the end of the Brexit transition period.

Fisheries

The changes that took place for the fisheries industry on 1 January 2021 after the Brexit transition ended.

Level playing field

The outcome of the UK and EU negotiations on commitments to have a level playing field – an important part of the UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA).

New customs rules for trade with the EU

An overview of the changes in trade rules between the UK and EU.

UK consumer protection law

The implications of the UK’s withdrawal from the EU for selected areas of consumer protection law.

UK participation in EU programmes: Horizon Europe and Copernicus

This paper provides an overview of the programmes, rules for UK participation and the UK financial contribution.

UK-EU Withdrawal Agreement: Implementation of citizens’ rights

This briefing provides an overview of implementation by the UK and EU Member States of the Citizens' Rights provisions of the Withdrawal Agreement.

The effect of Brexit on getting divorced

An overview of the rules which affect getting divorced where there is a cross-border element, including divorces involving residents or nationals of EU Member States.

The Erasmus Programme

On 24 December 2020 the Prime Minister announced that the UK would no longer participate in Erasmus+ and would develop its own replacement programme - the Turing Scheme.

UK-EU: Professional qualifications

What has changed for UK qualified professionals who seek to practice in the EU market and vice versa.

Implications for defence and foreign policy cooperation

The EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) provisions no longer apply to the UK.

Timeshares

An overview of EU and UK regulation of timeshares and other long-term holiday products.