Research Briefing
Domestic energy prices: In short
What are current energy prices? How and why have they changed over time? Does the UK have the highest domestic energy prices in Europe?
This information should not be relied upon as legal or professional advice. Read the disclaimer.
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- Evolution and changing composition of departmental select committees skip to link
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- Retail sales: Economic indicators skip to link
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- North Korea in 2026: Frequently asked questions skip to link
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Research Briefing
Retrospective taxation
Retrospective tax legislation imposes or increases a tax charge prior to the legislation being introduced. Although this is a controversial practice, retrospective provisions are often introduced to mitigate the risks to the public finances from tax avoidance.
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Research Briefing
Changes to UK visa and settlement rules after the 2025 immigration white paper
Frequently asked questions about the UK government’s immigration white paper proposals in 2025, including longer qualifying periods for indefinite leave to remain.
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Research Briefing
High cost of living: Impact on households
This briefing covers how the high period of inflation in the UK from 2021 to 2024 continues to affect household incomes, spending, poverty, savings and debt.
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Research Briefing
Evolution and changing composition of departmental select committees
Departmental select committees were first established in 1979. This briefing paper charts changes in their number and size since 1979.
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Research Briefing
VAT on solar panels and other energy-saving materials
The installation of energy-saving materials (such as solar panels) on eligible buildings is zero-rated for VAT until 31 March 2027.
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Research Briefing
Retail sales: Economic indicators
Retail is a large component of the UK’s services industry. Find the latest data on sales of food and non-food goods as well as online sales.
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Research Briefing
Police service strength
This briefing looks at the strength and diversity of police forces in the UK.
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Research Briefing
North Korea in 2026: Frequently asked questions
North Korea’s regime under Kim Jong-un appears to be secure in the short to medium term. The country is supported by China and is increasing its support to Russia in its conflict with Ukraine.
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Research for upcoming debates
Research to support debates and legislation, made for members of Parliament and avaliable to the public
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Data
An overview of the data produced by the Commons Library. Find local-level data, Parliament and elections data, and economic data.
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FAQs and explainers produced by Commons Library researchers to help caseworkers with a range of constituent queries.
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All briefings
Impartial Commons Library briefings going back to 1993, covering parliamentary bills, Commons debates, topical issues and policy.
