The United Kingdom constitution – a mapping exercise
A briefing paper which "maps" (or summarises) the main elements of the United Kingdom's uncodified constitution.
Ecuador held a general election on 7 February 2021. A run-off poll between the top two Presidential candidates took place on 11 April.
Ecuador: 2021 presidential election (684KB PDF)
Ecuadorians voted to elect a President, Vice-President and members of the National Assembly.
The country’s National Electoral Council (CNE) registered 16 presidential and vice-presidential candidates for the election, with opinion polls pointing to a three-way race between Andrés Arauz, Guillermo Lasso and Yaku Pérez.
The election took place under the cloud of the Covid-19 pandemic. The Government’s response to the pandemic and the worsening economic situation were key factors for voters.
None of the candidates secured the 40 per cent of votes required for an outright victory, but Andrés Arauz topped the first round by a significant margin and immediately progressed to the run-off.
It was initially unclear which other candidate would contest the run-off poll as the second- and third-placed candidates were neck-and-neck in the preliminary results and the CNE announced recounts would be held in many provinces.
Once the final result of the first round became clear, it was announced Guillermo Lasso would challenge Arauz in the run-off election on 11 April 2021.
Leading up to the second-round run-off, Arauz posted significant leads in opinion polls. However, on election day, Lasso achieved a surprise win and was elected President.
Ecuador: 2021 presidential election (684KB PDF)
A briefing paper which "maps" (or summarises) the main elements of the United Kingdom's uncodified constitution.
This paper provides a timeline of the major events in the Ukraine-Russia conflict since the 2022 Russian invasion.
The Northern Ireland Troubles Bill 2024-26 was introduced in the House of Commons on 14 October 2025. It was carried over to the 2026-27 session and is due to be considered by a Committee of the Whole House on 19 and 20 October 2026