The United Kingdom constitution – a mapping exercise
A briefing paper which "maps" (or summarises) the main elements of the United Kingdom's uncodified constitution.
Brazil held a presidential election on 2 October 2022, with a run-off poll taking place on 30 October. Former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva narrowly defeated incumbent president Jair Bolsonaro.
Brazil: 2022 presidential election (3MB PDF)
11 candidates contested the first round of the election, although only two stood a chance of being elected President: incumbent president Jair Bolsonaro and former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (known as Lula).
The election campaign officially started on 16 August and came at a time when Brazil was suffering from the economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, compounded by fallout from Russia’s military campaign in Ukraine.
As expected, Lula and Bolsonaro secured the most votes in the first round, although neither won an outright majority. Thus, a second runoff vote was required four weeks later.
In the second round, Lula secured a narrow majority of votes and was again elected president. When assuming office on 1 January 2023, he will become the first Brazilian president to serve a third term.
Lula’s election victory brought widespread praise from leaders across the world, particularly from fellow left-wing presidents in Latin America.
Brazil: 2022 presidential election (3MB PDF)
A briefing paper which "maps" (or summarises) the main elements of the United Kingdom's uncodified constitution.
This paper provides a timeline of the major events in the Ukraine-Russia conflict since the 2022 Russian invasion.
The Northern Ireland Troubles Bill 2024-26 was introduced in the House of Commons on 14 October 2025. It was carried over to the 2026-27 session and is due to be considered by a Committee of the Whole House on 19 and 20 October 2026