Research Briefing
This briefing paper explains the policies of successive governments towards the designing of vehicle excise duty (VED). It gives information as to the exemptions and how the Government enforces its collection. It also describes the most recent changes to VED
Research Briefing
The government is planning to introduce electric vehicle excise duty in April 2028, with legislation to be included in the upcoming Finance Bill.
Research Briefing
The state pension is liable to income tax, though pensioners are unlikely to pay tax in practice if their only income is the state pension.
Research Briefing
This paper provides statistics on household food insecurity, food bank usage and free school meals in the UK, and tracks the impact of rising living costs.
Research Briefing
Retrospective tax legislation imposes or increases a tax charge prior to the legislation being introduced. Although this is a controversial practice, retrospective provisions are often introduced to mitigate the risks to the public finances from tax avoidance.
Research Briefing
This briefing covers how the high period of inflation in the UK from 2021 to 2024 continues to affect household incomes, spending, poverty, savings and debt.
Research Briefing
The installation of energy-saving materials (such as solar panels) on eligible buildings is zero-rated for VAT until 31 March 2027.
Research Briefing
Connect to Work is a government programme to help people with disabilities or other complex issues to find and stay in work. It started in 2025 and runs till 2030.
Research Briefing
Fuel duty is charged at a rate of 52.95p per litre on unleaded petrol and diesel. Fuel duty is planned to increase by 3p per litre on 1 January 2027, the first increase since 2011.
Research Briefing
This interactive dashboard shows how median earnings have changed over time by UK region and country, and by age group and gender.
Research Briefing
A brief guide to the system of non-domestic rating, better known as ‘business rates’.
Research Briefing
A briefing about transient visitor levies or 'tourist taxes', including information on plans for the introduction of tourist taxes in Scotland and Wales.
Research Briefing
What is the government doing to prepare the UK for crisis or conflict?
Research Briefing
This note gives an introduction to National Insurance system, and the debate there has been about integrating National Insurance contributions (NICs) with income tax.
Research Briefing
This paper provides a summary of skills policy in England. It also provides the latest skills statistics.
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