Independent Complaints and Grievance Scheme: The Independent Expert Panel
The Independent Expert Panel determines cases against MPs and appeals under the Independent Complaints and Grievance Scheme; and appeals under the MPs’ Code of Conduct.
MPs’ changes of party allegiance in the House of Commons since 1979
This list notes when an MP has changed allegiance from one political party to another or decided to sit as an independent Member. Instances of MPs losing or resigning a party whip are also noted.
Complaining to the Local Government and Social Care Ombudsman
How to take complaints about services provided by local authorities to the Local Government and Social Care Ombudsman.
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Research Briefing
The United Kingdom constitution – a mapping exercise
A briefing paper which "maps" (or summarises) the main elements of the United Kingdom's uncodified constitution.
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Research Briefing
Urgent questions in the House of Commons since 1997
Urgent questions asked from the beginning of the 1997-98 session, including the title, date and names of the Speaker granting, MP asking and minister responding.
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Research Briefing
Expedited legislation: Public bills receiving their second and third readings on the same day in the House of Commons
Public bills since 1979 whose main Commons stages have been passed within one day.
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Research Briefing
Church Appointments (Repeal of Discriminatory Provision) Bill 2026-27
A briefing on the Church Appointments (Repeal of Discriminatory Provision) Bill 2026-27
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Research Briefing
By-elections in the 2024 Parliament
This briefing sets out results of the by-elections held in the 2024 Parliament, including lists of candidates, vote share and voter turnout.
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Research Briefing
Women elected to the House of Commons
This list reports all the women who have been elected as MPs to the House of Commons, for each election since 1918 and in the order they were sworn in.
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Research Briefing
UK parliamentary by-elections since 1945
This list notes the number of by-elections by session since 1945-46 together with a list of the the successful candidates in by-elections since 2005.
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Research Briefing
Election glossary
Elections use many technical terms. This briefing gives a glossary of election related terms.
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Research Briefing
Living former Members of the House of Commons
Known living former Members of Parliament.
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Research Briefing
Voting systems in the UK
UK elections use different voting systems. This briefing explains which systems are used for which election and how they work.
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Research Briefing
Ministerial salaries
Up to 120 ministers in the UK Government can receive a ministerial salary. Most ministers are paid a salary, though a small number of Lords ministers are unpaid.
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Research Briefing
Government Bills introduced each session by department
Government bills introduced since the beginning of the 1997-98 session, including bill title, introduction date, House and sponsoring department.
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