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Europe

  • Research Briefing

    Ukraine conflict: An overview

    Friday, 22 August, 2025

    Russia's invasion of Ukraine marked its third anniversary on 24 February 2025.

    • Research Briefing
    • Armed forces
    • Europe
    • International law
  • Research Briefing

    Peace in Ukraine: What have the August 2025 talks achieved?

    Wednesday, 20 August, 2025

    A renewed diplomatic effort to agree peace in Ukraine is underway.

    • Research Briefing
    • Americas
    • Armed forces
    • Defence policy
    • Europe
    • Institutions
    • International law
    • International organisations
    • The EU
  • Research Briefing

    The UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement: Temporary business travel

    Tuesday, 29 July, 2025

    This briefing explains what has changed for UK and EU businesses and individuals who travel to provide services in each other’s markets.

    • Research Briefing
    • Culture, media and sport
    • Economy
    • Europe
    • Immigration
    • International law
    • International trade
    • Brexit
  • Research Briefing

    The UK–EU reset: Next steps after the May 2025 summit

    Tuesday, 29 July, 2025

    At their joint summit in May 2025, the UK and EU agreed a new Security and Defence partnership and set out commitments to strengthen cooperation across a range of policy areas

    • Research Briefing
    • Defence policy
    • Energy
    • Environment
    • EU law and treaties
    • Europe
    • Farming and fishing
    • The EU
  • Research Briefing

    Military assistance to Ukraine (February 2022 to January 2025)

    Thursday, 17 July, 2025

    An overview of the military assistance provided to Ukraine between February 2022 and January 2025

    • Research Briefing
    • Americas
    • Armed forces
    • Defence equipment and spending
    • Defence policy
    • Europe
    • International organisations
  • Research Briefing

    Poland: The Tusk government and the 2025 presidential election

    Thursday, 03 July, 2025

    An opposition candidate won Poland's presidential election on 1 June 2025, increasing the likelihood of continued deadlock between the government and presidency

    • Research Briefing
    • Elections
    • EU law and treaties
    • Europe
  • Research Briefing

    Nuclear weapons profile: United Kingdom

    Thursday, 26 June, 2025

    This paper briefly examines the UK's nuclear weapons policies, capabilities and programmes. It is one paper in a larger series on the nuclear weapon states.

    • Research Briefing
    • Armed forces
    • Defence equipment and spending
    • Defence policy
    • Europe
    • International law
  • Research Briefing

    Strategic Defence Review 2025: The UK’s nuclear deterrent

    Thursday, 26 June, 2025

    What are the implications of the new Strategic Defence Review for the UK's nuclear deterrent?

    • Research Briefing
    • Americas
    • Armed forces
    • Defence equipment and spending
    • Defence policy
    • Europe
    • Institutions
    • International organisations
  • Research Briefing

    Israel-Iran 2025: Developments in Iran’s nuclear programme and military action

    Tuesday, 24 June, 2025

    On 13 June 2025, Israel launched a series of attacks against Iran’s nuclear programme.

    • Research Briefing
    • Americas
    • Armed forces
    • Defence policy
    • Europe
    • Institutions
    • International law
    • International organisations
    • Middle East
    • The EU
  • Research Briefing

    UK–EU agreement on Gibraltar: What has been agreed?

    Thursday, 19 June, 2025

    Although Gibraltar, as a British Overseas Territory, has left the EU, an agreement has been reached which removes border checks between Spain and Gibraltar.

    • Research Briefing
    • EU law and treaties
  • Insight

    UK–EU agreement on Gibraltar: What has been agreed?

    Thursday, 19 June, 2025

    Although Gibraltar, as a British Overseas Territory, has left the EU, an agreement has been reached which removes border checks between Spain and Gibraltar.

    • Insight
    • EU law and treaties
    • The EU
  • Research Briefing

    Windsor Framework: Democratic oversight and the independent review

    Wednesday, 18 June, 2025

    This briefing looks at the independent review of the Windsor Framework commissioned by the government and democratic oversight of the Framework

    • Research Briefing
    • Devolution
    • EU law and treaties
    • Europe
  • Research Briefing

    UK defence in 2025: Integrated air and missile defence

    Friday, 13 June, 2025

    What air defence capabilities does the UK have to protect the UK homeland and what did the recent Strategic Defence Review say?

    • Research Briefing
    • Armed forces
    • Defence equipment and spending
    • Defence policy
    • Europe
    • International organisations
  • Research Briefing

    Developments in Ukraine peace talks (April to June 2025)

    Monday, 09 June, 2025

    What are the latest developments in talks over a potential peace settlement in Ukraine?

    • Research Briefing
    • Americas
    • EU institutions
    • Europe
    • Institutions
    • International law
    • International organisations
    • The EU
  • Debate Pack

    UK-EU summit

    Tuesday, 20 May, 2025

    A Westminster Hall debate on the May 2025 UK-EU Summit is scheduled for Thursday 22 May, from 1.30pm. The debate was selected by the Backbench Business Committee and will be led by Stella Creasy MP and Richard Tice MP.

    • Debate Pack
    • Defence policy
    • Environment
    • EU law and treaties
    • Europe
    • Farming and fishing
    • The EU

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